Showing posts with label Based. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Based. Show all posts
Proposal GSM based home security
ABSTRACT
This project presents a prototype security door that can be remotely controlled by a GSM phone set acting as the transmitter and another GSM phone set with a dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) connected to the door motor through a DTMF decoder interfaced with microcontroller unit and a stepper motor .The design is composed of four main functional modules, namely; the GSM module, the decoding module, controlling module and the switching module. The GSM module act as both transmitting and receiving unit employs the use of a mobile phone set serving as the communication device between the user at one end and the object of access (i.e. the door) at the other receiving end. The decoding module and the controlling module are made possible using modern integrated circuit chips ensuring proper conversion of signal to binary codes, enabling the microcontroller to communicate properly with the switching device responsible for opening and closing the door. The codes for this project was written in assembly language with Visual basic software and compiled with M-IDE studio for MC-51compiler which work perfectly with Window XP environment, the program run without error before it was burn onto the microcontroller using a device called the programmer by placing the microcontroller on it socket equal to the pin number.
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This project presents a prototype security door that can be remotely controlled by a GSM phone set acting as the transmitter and another GSM phone set with a dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) connected to the door motor through a DTMF decoder interfaced with microcontroller unit and a stepper motor .The design is composed of four main functional modules, namely; the GSM module, the decoding module, controlling module and the switching module. The GSM module act as both transmitting and receiving unit employs the use of a mobile phone set serving as the communication device between the user at one end and the object of access (i.e. the door) at the other receiving end. The decoding module and the controlling module are made possible using modern integrated circuit chips ensuring proper conversion of signal to binary codes, enabling the microcontroller to communicate properly with the switching device responsible for opening and closing the door. The codes for this project was written in assembly language with Visual basic software and compiled with M-IDE studio for MC-51compiler which work perfectly with Window XP environment, the program run without error before it was burn onto the microcontroller using a device called the programmer by placing the microcontroller on it socket equal to the pin number.
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Proposal GSM based Control System
1.0 Introduction to Project
“GSM based Control System” implements the emerging applications of the GSM technology. Using GSM networks, a control system has been proposed that will act as an embedded system which can monitor and control appliances and other devices locally using built-in input and output peripherals. Remotely the system allows the user to effectively monitor and control the house/office appliances and equipments via the mobile phone set by sending commands in the form of SMS messages and receiving the appliances status. The main concept behind the project is receiving the sent SMS and processing it further as required to perform several operations. The type of the operation to be performed depends on the nature of the SMS sent. The principle in which the project is based is fairly simple. First, the sent SMS is stored and polled from the receiver mobile station and then the required control signal is generated and sent to the intermediate hardware that we have designed according to the command received in form of the sent message.
We have selected a particular Nokia mobile set (Nokia 3310) for our project. The messages are sent from the mobile set that contain commands in written form which are then processed accordingly to perform the required task. A microcontroller based system has been proposed for our project. There are several terminologies that are used extensively throughout this project report.
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications): It is a cellular communication
standard.
SMS (Short Message Service): It is a service available on most digital mobile phones that permit the sending of short messages (also known as text messaging service).
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“GSM based Control System” implements the emerging applications of the GSM technology. Using GSM networks, a control system has been proposed that will act as an embedded system which can monitor and control appliances and other devices locally using built-in input and output peripherals. Remotely the system allows the user to effectively monitor and control the house/office appliances and equipments via the mobile phone set by sending commands in the form of SMS messages and receiving the appliances status. The main concept behind the project is receiving the sent SMS and processing it further as required to perform several operations. The type of the operation to be performed depends on the nature of the SMS sent. The principle in which the project is based is fairly simple. First, the sent SMS is stored and polled from the receiver mobile station and then the required control signal is generated and sent to the intermediate hardware that we have designed according to the command received in form of the sent message.
We have selected a particular Nokia mobile set (Nokia 3310) for our project. The messages are sent from the mobile set that contain commands in written form which are then processed accordingly to perform the required task. A microcontroller based system has been proposed for our project. There are several terminologies that are used extensively throughout this project report.
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications): It is a cellular communication
standard.
SMS (Short Message Service): It is a service available on most digital mobile phones that permit the sending of short messages (also known as text messaging service).
DOWNLOAD FULL REPORT WITH PREVIEW HERE
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[ BLUETOOTH ] BASED PROJECTS REPORTS
1.[ ANDROID ] Bluetooth Controlled Model Car
2.[ Android ] Bluetooth Oscilloscope
3.[ BLUETOOTH ]Smart phone Android Operated Robot
4.[ System Set up ]An android based monitoring and alarm system for patients with chronic obtrusive disease.
5.BLUETOOTH CONTROLLED SOLAR POWERED ROBOT VEHICLE
6. Android operating system in electronics projects
[ REPORT ] GSM BASED DISPLAY TOOLKIT
INTRODUCTION
Wireless communication has announced its arrival on big stage and the world is going mobile. We want to control everything and without moving an inch. This remote control of appliances is possible through Embedded Systems. The use of “Embedded System in Communication” has given rise to many interesting applications that ensures comfort and safety to human life. The main aim of the project will be to design a SMS driven automatic display toolkit which can replace the currently used programmable electronic display. It is proposed to design receive cum display toolkit which can be programmed from an authorized mobile phone. The message to be displayed is sent through a SMS from an authorized transmitter. The toolkit receives the SMS, validates the sending Mobile Identification Number (MIN) and displays the desired information after necessary code conversion. The system is made efficient by using ‘clone’ SIMs of same MIN in a geographical area so that the same SMS can be received by number of display boards in a locality using techniques of time division multiple access. Started of as an instantaneous News display unit, we have improved upon it and tried to take advantage of the computing capabilities of microcontroller. We envision a toolkit that will not only display message but also can be used to do some mechanical work. Looking into current trend of information transfer in the campus, it is seen that important notice take time to be displayed in the notice boards. This latency is not expected in most of the cases and must be avoided. It is proposed to implement this project at the institute level. It is proposed to place display boards in major access points. The electronics displays which are currently used are programmable displays which need to be reprogrammed each time. This makes it inefficient for immediate information transfer, and thus the display board looses its importance. The GSM based display toolkit can be used as a add-on to these display boards and make it truly wireless. The display board programs itself with the help of the incoming SMS with proper validation. Such a system proves to be helpful for immedia information transfer,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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Wireless communication has announced its arrival on big stage and the world is going mobile. We want to control everything and without moving an inch. This remote control of appliances is possible through Embedded Systems. The use of “Embedded System in Communication” has given rise to many interesting applications that ensures comfort and safety to human life. The main aim of the project will be to design a SMS driven automatic display toolkit which can replace the currently used programmable electronic display. It is proposed to design receive cum display toolkit which can be programmed from an authorized mobile phone. The message to be displayed is sent through a SMS from an authorized transmitter. The toolkit receives the SMS, validates the sending Mobile Identification Number (MIN) and displays the desired information after necessary code conversion. The system is made efficient by using ‘clone’ SIMs of same MIN in a geographical area so that the same SMS can be received by number of display boards in a locality using techniques of time division multiple access. Started of as an instantaneous News display unit, we have improved upon it and tried to take advantage of the computing capabilities of microcontroller. We envision a toolkit that will not only display message but also can be used to do some mechanical work. Looking into current trend of information transfer in the campus, it is seen that important notice take time to be displayed in the notice boards. This latency is not expected in most of the cases and must be avoided. It is proposed to implement this project at the institute level. It is proposed to place display boards in major access points. The electronics displays which are currently used are programmable displays which need to be reprogrammed each time. This makes it inefficient for immediate information transfer, and thus the display board looses its importance. The GSM based display toolkit can be used as a add-on to these display boards and make it truly wireless. The display board programs itself with the help of the incoming SMS with proper validation. Such a system proves to be helpful for immedia information transfer,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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[ Android ] Bluetooth Oscilloscope
Android Bluetooth Oscilloscope
*This application is tested only with Samsung Galaxy GT-i5700 Spica (rooted Android 2.1 OS, i570EXXJD1 Baseband version).
The transmitter circuit uses Microchip's dsPIC33FJ16GS504 for the analog-to-digital conversion of the input signals on two channels. The processed data on the dsPIC are then transmitted to the phone (for waveform display) via the LMX9838 bluetooth SPP module.
specs/ranges:
- time per division: {5us, 10us, 20us, 50us, 100us, 200us, 500us, 1ms, 2ms, 5ms, 10ms, 20ms, 50ms }
- volt per division: {10mV, 20mV, 50mV, 100mV, 200mV, 500mV, 1V, 2V, GND}
- analog input (depends on external pre-amplifier configuration): {-8V to +8V }
The source codes for the bluetooth communication is based on Bluetooth Chat example from http://developer.android.com. That example contains three java source files. And, I've completely copied the "DeviceListActivity.java", which is used for searching remote bluetooth devices. Then I've modified the "BluetoothChatService.java" to use only the RFCOMM Client functions, and used the well-known UUID "00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB" for the Bluetooth RFCOMM/SPP.
For the plotting of waveforms, I'm using SurfaceView object to draw on its canvas. This tutorial found on www.helloandroid.com helps me a lot for this task: "How to use canvas in your android".
The rest of the job mainly involves porting of my previous Python S60 script to JAVA language. It was too painful on my side, because I had to convert a single script file to multiple java + xml source files! Nonetheless, it was a good experience for me on learning the Android SDK (JAVA programming).
Project source codes for Android and dsPIC (with APK and HEX) :
AndroidBluetoothOscilloscope.zip
Electronicslab.ph forum link : Android Bluetooth Oscilloscope
Here are some interesting projects that are also based on the Bluetooth Chat example:
Bluetooth Controlled Model Car
SPRIME
Special thanks to:
Samdroid Forum for the customized/rooted firmwares for our Spica.
Tipidcp Spica users for sharing their tips and experiences with this android phone.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
#edit (10-15-2010)
Here's now my circuit. Nothing special on it, all are based on existing circuits.
*If you prefer to change the input range via the op-amp preamp, the computation is located on the "adc.xmcd" file.
*You can use other SPP bluetooth modules aside from LMX. (accdg to manufacturer, it's already obsolete)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
#edit (9-14-2011)
It's almost a year now, and yet some people are still interested in this project (considered to be obsolete). So I've decided to place the source repository also on Google Code site. You can either Browse or use git to have your own local copy:
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[ ANDROID ] Bluetooth Controlled Model Car
Bluetooth
Controlled Model Car
15.06.09
Ever since seeing the first bluetooth controlled RC car I wanted to
make one. For those who haven't seen it, it used a serial port
Bluetooth module (about 200 USD), a "Mini SSC II" serial servo
controller board (roughly 50 USD) and an old RC car. .
Needless to say it was
unnecessarily expensive, which really put me off. So years passed until
I
suddenly stumbled across some really cheap
GP-GC021
bluetooth modules on ebay. (Update: Since then I've found an even
cheaper unit which is superior. See the RF-BT0417C)
What made them so
special was that they were directly TTL compatible UART modules. Not
only would I save vast
amounts of money, but
also effort by not having to use RS-232 voltage levels. I decided to
use the RC car
from my previous RF control endeavors, but also add servo steering so
it
would be
more fun and practical to use. Given my previous work on the COM laser
turret, controlling motors over
a serial protocol was no difficulty, and the firm- and software
required was already written. The only new thing required would be
implementing servo control over a serial protocol.[ System Set up ]An android based monitoring and alarm system for patients with chronic obtrusive disease.
Some Importantant links below
with reports.just view the link below. if u want any project report just
search any project on our search box
Arduino interesting projects:
Arduino 30 simple and good projects
Atmega projects lists
Android Electronics projects lists
Rf based Projects with report
engineering study notes
GSM GPS based projects with report
Bluetooth based projects with reports
System Set up
The following chapter will go step by step through each part of the developed
system, including hardware devices and software involved in the development
process. Everything from the initial set up to the data collection stage is covered.
The total amount of sensors involved in a monitoring process can be increased,
providing a more sophisticated level of the analysis and enchanting data processing.
Possible suggestions are discussed in Chapter 4 and 6. It was decided,
however, to use a limited amount of sensors in the current project and establish
a reliable connection for subsequent data transferring.
as well as any other system involving patients monitoring. It provides a basic information
about daily activity of the person, which can be further modified and
used as one of the parameters for the analysis. Before describing the accelerometer
application and usage in this particular project we consider it sufficient to
mention several features of this type of sensor.
Conceptually, any accelerometer behaves as a damped mass on a spring.
When the accelerometer experiences an acceleration, the mass is displaced to
the point where the spring is able to accelerate the mass at the same rate as the
casing. The displacement is then measured to give the acceleration.
In commercial devices, piezoelectric, piezoresistive and capacitive components
are commonly used to convert the mechanical motion into an electrical
signal1. Piezoelectric accelerometers rely on piezoceramics (e.g. lead zirconate
1Accelerometer, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerometer
31
Figure 3.1: Accelerometer axes
titanate) or single crystals (e.g. quartz, tourmaline). These crystal structures become
stressed by accelerative forces, which causes a voltage to be generated.
Piezoresistive accelerometers are unmatched in terms of their upper frequency
range, low packaged weight and high temperature range and preferred in high
shock applications. Capacitive accelerometers typically use two silicon micromachined
sensing elements. Having these two micro structures next to each
other, creates a certain capacitance between them. If an accelerative force moves
one of the structures, then the capacitance will change. Additionally, converting
some circuitry from capacitance to voltage we will be able to get a full
accelerometer 2. Performance of these type of sensors is superior in the low frequency
range and they can be operated in servo mode to achieve high stability
and linearity. Modern accelerometers are often based on small electromechanical
devices (micro electro-mechanical systems or MEMS) and normally inbuilt
in the latest generation of the smart phones (including the one involved in the
project). In our case it can be reached by programming through the android
operating system with the help of ”SensorManager“ class and special Sensor
Activity. The simple pseudo code example is provided below:
S e n s o rAc t i v i t y {
g e t S e n s o r S e r v i c e ( ) ;
g e tDe f aul t S ensor ( SensorType ) ;
onResume ( ) {
r e g i s t e r S e n s o r L i s t e n e r ( t h i s , Ac c e l e rome t e r ) ;
}
onPause ( ) {
u n r e g i s t e r S e n s o r L i s t e n e r ( t h i s , Ac c e l e rome t e r ) ;
2A beginner’s guide to accelerometers, http://www.dimensionengineering.com/accelerometers.htm
3.1. SENSORS 33
}
onSensorChanged ( SensorEvent ) {
Do something i f s ensor i s moved ;
}
}
Once the sensor is activated there are several methods provided by the previously
mentioned class which can be used in order to measure activity. It is
represented by three variables x,y,z which output device acceleration along the
raw, pitch and yaw direction[33] (see Figure 3.1). First of all, we need to make
sure at least one sensor is available for the measuring process. A special method
”isSupported“ is used for this purpose:
i sSuppor t ed ( ) {
i f ( notSuppor ted ) {
g e t S y s t emS e r v i c e ( s e n s o r S e r v i c e ) ;
L i s t s ensor s = g e t S e n s o rLi s t ( ac c e l e rome t e rType ) ;
suppor ted = new Boolean ( s e n s o r s S i z e ) ;
} e l s e {
do nothing i f s ensor i s suppor ted ;
}
}
r e turn suppor ted ;
}
The next step is to invoke a special ”startListening“ process which registers
a listener and starts listening to the accelerometer callback for possible events
(shaking, changing position etc.). This method also includes a configuration
component where we can decide on a threshold for the changes in accelerometer
and interval between shakes. It can help to react only on significant changes
and simplify data collection in the next stages.
Now, any change/event, which arises while the accelerometer is in the ”listening
mode” will be registered and processed. It is reasonable to introduce a
threshold for eliminating insignificant changes in raw/pitch/yaw values of the
accelerometer. All the values below this threshold will not be considered. We
can furthermore use previously detected acceleration and display it on a screen
or store it in a file for further processing. Both options are implemented in our
case. Possible approaches for accelerometer data processing will be described
in Chapter 4.
device used in this project. Description is based on a ”Fingertip Oximeter
Technology Specifications” document [1] and provides additional information
concerning the current system features. The picture of the sensor is provided on
All the technical specification and parameters of the Pulse Oximeter are
combined into an appropriate table (see Figure ??). The most significant information
in terms of the system development are Oxygen Saturation and Pulse
Rate Accuracy.
The table is followed by bluetooth configurations including Operating Frequency
and Operating Range.
Technically, Nonin Wrist 0x2 oximeter is a slave device. To connect sensor
to a master device, the master device must first associate with the 3150 by inquiring
for the 3150. For the initial pairing of a new host device (master) to
the 3150, it is discoverable for a minimum of 2 minutes after power-on. During
the discovery period, the 3150 will broadcast a friendly name to the master.
The name starts with ”Nonin_Medical_Inc._”, followed by a 6-digit number,
referred to as the PIN. The PIN is etched on the back of the 3150 enclosure.
To complete the pairing process once the master (host) device finds the 3150,
the PIN must be provided to the master device. Once paired, the master must
establish the connection to the sensor.
This particular model provides measurements in several different data formats:
• Data format 13 – provides easy spot-check measurements with the storage
and forwarding of measurements.
• Data format 8 – provides real-time oximetry measurements every second.
• Data format 2 – provides real-time oximetry measurements with compressed
waveform (8 bit waveform) every 1/75 of a second.
• Data format 7 – provides real-time oximetry measurements with full resolution
waveform (16 bit waveform) every 1/75 of a second.
For data formats 1, 2, 7 and 8, the 3150 will not initiate the connection using
the attempt to reconnect (ATR) option. If the system has only one COM port
available, data format 2, 7, 8, or 13 should be used with the ATR disabled. The
master device must initiate the connection by occasionally polling for the 3150.
For an automatic wireless reconnection, a software should be designed to periodically
poll for the 3150. If polling for the 3150 is not possible, Bluetooth
connection should be started manually. Because the manual method typically
requires the user to initiate the Bluetooth connection, the seek/polling method
has its advantages.
The 3150 will be discoverable when not paired to an existing master. Any
previous master devices should be off. Once the device pairs and establishes the
Bluetooth connection with the 3150, sensor will automatically send continuous
data to device as defined in Data Format Definition section later. For further details
on establishing a Bluetooth wireless connection see Appendix A. A Bluetooth
connection indicator becomes available on the screen, after pushing and
holding a bluetooth button. Once the Bluetooth connection is established, the
3150 receives and transmits data using the SPP protocol. Additionally, there are
several settings and commands for data format and time information:
(1) Setthe Data Format and Activation,
(2) Set Multiple Parameters,
(3) Set the Date and Time in the 3150,
(4) Set Bluetooth Radio timeout (power saving feature),
(5) Get the Date and Time from the 3150,
(6) Get the Serial Number in the3150,
(7) Get revision number.
In each case user must send a preliminary byte command string in order to
select Data format, set or retrieve time. A data format is a key information for
receiving, displaying and processing the sensor measurements. Thus, it is important
to mention several details on it’s structure. A default Serial Date Format 2
(one of the listed above) was used in development. This data format provides
continuous data transmission of a 5 byte data packet sent 75 times per second.
The data packet includes real-time data of: 8-bit waveform value, beat-to-beat
SpO2 value, SpO2 and Pulse Rates values formatted for both recording and
display purposes, status of the measurement and battery. Each particular byte
represents a valid information.
Byte 1 – START BYTE:
Always set to a 01 value.
Byte 2 – STATUS BYTE:
This byte provides status information at a rate of 1/75 of second.
Range: 128 to 255
Byte 3 – PLETH BYTE:
This byte consists of an 8 bit plethsmographic waveform (pulse waveform).
The pulse oximeter infra-red signal is filtered and then compressed into an 8 bit
value. The compression provides good detail for low to large pulse signals. For
uncompressed waveform refer to Data Format 7.
Range: 00 to 255
Byte 4 – FLOAT BYTE:
This byte is used for SpO2, Pulse Rate, and information that can be processed
at a rate of 1/3 of second.
Range: 00 to 127
When the device is removed from the finger the last SpO2 and Pulse Rate
reading will be reported for 10 seconds before changing to the missing data
value. During this 10 second period the sensor alarm bit (SNSA) is set, indicating
that the finger has been removed. This feature is useful for spot-check
measurements. When SpO2 and HR cannot be computed, the system will send
a missing data indicator. For missing data, the HR equals 511 and the SpO2
equals 127.
Byte 5 – CHK:
This byte is used for the checksum of bytes 1 through 4.
A concrete information on the processing of the sensor measurements can be
found in Chapter 4 of the thesis.
the developing purposes. Several main aspects concerning technical parameters
and programming Android API (Application Programming interface) will be
covered and formulated according to their involvement in the process.
3.2.1 Samsung smart-phones
All the information sent by sensors (excluding accelerometer, inbuilt in phone)
can be received by processing device through Bluetooth connection. Both Samsung
Galaxy S and Samsung Galaxy Tab used for the actual thesis work, have
a Bluetooth functionality. Thus, next step would be to get an access to this feature
through the programming language, which is in our case Java. No license
or special agreement is required to program previously mentioned devices, both
based on an Android operating system.
Before proceeding to the next step, it is important to mention some general
aspects about Bluetooth option. According to the both smart-phones manuals,
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communications technology capable of exchanging
information over a distance of about 10 m without requiring a physical
connection [36]. Furthermore, we do not need to line up the devices to beam
information with Bluetooth. If devices are within the range of one another, any
information exchange between them is possible even if they are located in different
rooms. However, we should always ensure that sharing and receiving data
is performed with devices that are trusted and properly secured. If there are obstacles
between the devices, the operating distance may be reduced. Moreover,
some devices, especially those that are not tested or approved by Bluetooth SIG
3, may be incompatible with the involved device.
Other than Bluetooth option, there are more technical parameters possessed
by Samsung Galaxy S, making it sufficient enough to be involved in monitoring
system and subsequent data analysis. The parameters within our scope are
memory (capacity) and operating frequency. The Samsung Galaxy S has the
S5PC110 processor. This processor combines a 45 nm 1 GHz ARM Cortex-
A8 based CPU core with a PowerVR SGX 540 GPU made by Imagination
Technologies which supports OpenGL ES 1.1/2.0 and is capable of up to 20
3Special Interest Group, http://www.bluetooth.com/Pages/About-Us.aspx
million triangles per second. The CPU core, code-named ”Hummingbird”, was
co-developed by Samsung and Intrinsity.
In terms of memory, the Samsung Galaxy S has 512 MB of dedicated LPDDR2
RAM (Mobile DDR) and 16-32 MB of OneDRAM. Some variants also come
with either 8GB or 16GB of OneNAND memory combined in a package-onpackage
stack with the processor. An external microSD card slot supports up
to 32GB of additional storage memory 4. Additionally, the smart-phones used
for programming runs on Android 2.1 (a.k.a. ”Eclair”) operating system.
of the most sufficient and user friendly. All the communications between processing
device and sensors are implemented through the application interface.
A special application was designed and successfully ran for this particular purpose.
The first step and a one of the main goals of this program was to establish
a reliable connection. Once connection is initialized and running, it is important
to maintain a signal in order to provide consistent interaction. In other
words, we want to continuously store all the data received from the sensor in
the phone memory and any kind of interruption would negatively affect the
quality of the future analysis. A special android project was created, based on
the Eclipse software in order to use all the available classes of android development
environment. A project consists of two main ”activities” and one special
”service” which is responsible for a consistent data transmission. We consider
it important to highlight main parts of these programming components in the
following description.
Firstly, we want to ensure the Bluetooth option is available and enabled
on the device before we start any kind of operations [27]. Two simple commands
perform a system check for both previously mentioned cases and can be
executed with the following pseudo code:
/ / check i f blue tooth i s suppor ted
i f ( BluetoothAdapter ( notSuppor ted ) ) {
pr intOut ( ’ ’ Blue tooth i s not a v a i l a b l e ’ ’ ) ;
f i n i s h ( ) ;
r e turn ;
}
and
/ / check i f blue tooth i s enabled
i f ( BluetoothAdapter ( notEnabled ) ) {
BluetoothAdapter = Act ionReques tEnable ;
}
The last command sends a request to enable bluetooth on the operating device
in case this option is currently disabled. Once bluetooth function is switched on,
4Samsung Galaxy, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Galaxy_S
we can proceed to the next step. An advanced user interface was not among the
highest priorities of this project, however, several options are available within
the main application screen depicted below.
It is important to store some basic patients personal information, which will
be further used in data processing part. So, as it is shown on Figure 3.5, every
user can type in and save his/her age and weight in the corresponding field.
The number will be later written to a special file and ready to be extracted for
processing.
Figure 3.5: Application main screen
Next option allows user to get an access to accelerometer sensor through
the android API. This part was described more specifically in Section 3.1.1 of
this thesis. A data storing procedure is performed again. This time a special
file, representing accelerometer along three axis is created and updated continuously.
Current numbers are displayed on a screen and match the values stored
to the device memory. You can read more about data format in Section 3.2.3
of the current chapter.
After accelerometer is set up and running, we can proceed to the main part,
where connection between a sensor and android phone needs to be established.
A ”START APP” button will initiate a second main activity, which provides
user with a list of paired devices and opportunity to search for new ones (see
Figure 3.6).
In order to create a connection between application and a remote device
(sensor in our case), we must implement either server-side or client-side mechanisms,
because one device must open a server socket and the other one must
initiate the connection (using the server device’s MAC address to initiate a connection).
The server and client are considered connected to each other when
they each have a connected BluetoothSocket on the same RFCOMM channel.
At this point, each device can obtain input and output streams and data trans40
fer can begin. We are interested in client-side option.
So, in order to initiate a connection with a sensor (a device holding an
open server socket), we should first obtain a BluetoothDevice object that represents
the remote device. After that we use the BluetoothDevice to acquire a
BluetoothSocket and initiate the connection. This part of the mechanism is implemented
in a ”BluetoothService” section of the program.
After device is chosen and bluetooth connection service is running, application
will automatically return to a main screen and we can now observe
measurements below the ”Oximeter sensor” section on a display. A step by
step tutorial on starting sensor readings is provided in a special manual (see
Appendix A) written for the Backagården personnel.
on the testing device, it is possible to start data collection for the subsequent
analysis. Two possible categories of the data that can be processed are represented
by two different scenarios. Firstly, we perform testing with the healthy
person, who is unlikely to have any kind of abnormalities and moreover any
kind of chronic diseases. A second data set is expected to come from preliminary
selected patients, who agreed to participate in the experimental part of
the current research. The experimental part is described in details further below
forming Chapter 5 of the thesis. The process implies receiving, storing and
analyzing the data extracted from the measuring devices. All the information is
sent via Bluetooth channel establishing “mobile phone - sensor” communication.
processing device. Each measurement is retrieved from a different source and
represented by four separate files:
• sensors.txt (pulse rate and oxymetry)
• activity.txt (raw, pitch, yaw from accelerometer)
• age.txt (user input)
• weight.txt (user input)
The first two files have a particular format and consist of three separate column
vectors, including a special time vector.
20110519T175925 82 96
20110519T175927 82 97
20110519T175929 82 96
20110519T175931 82 96
This information is intended to simplify and at the same moment significantly
improve further analysis of the data. Having access to the time makes it easier
to register every particular change and follow the input flow as it is shown on
The entire concept of Chapter 3 was based on several goals announced in
the introduction part of the thesis. Firstly, it was required to establish a reliable
connection between sensor and processing device, which is impossible without
considering key aspects of sensor technical specification such as data format
and operating modes. Secondly, we provide general information on data collection
procedure, which is summarized in Table 3.1 above. Moreover, Table 5.3
T
from Section 5.2 contains detailed information about data transfer, including
data loss in percentage. These measurements are sent and retrieved in a particular
format (see a cutout of measurements above), developed for this particular
application. It was designed to cover all the details and provide user with an
easy interface for a sensor - device communication. The very same application
carries out a data collection procedure.
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System Set up
The following chapter will go step by step through each part of the developed
system, including hardware devices and software involved in the development
process. Everything from the initial set up to the data collection stage is covered.
3.1 Sensors
Sensors as a hardware equipment is an essential part of any monitoring device.The total amount of sensors involved in a monitoring process can be increased,
providing a more sophisticated level of the analysis and enchanting data processing.
Possible suggestions are discussed in Chapter 4 and 6. It was decided,
however, to use a limited amount of sensors in the current project and establish
a reliable connection for subsequent data transferring.
3.1.1 Accelerometer
The accelerometer sensor is an important component of the developed systemas well as any other system involving patients monitoring. It provides a basic information
about daily activity of the person, which can be further modified and
used as one of the parameters for the analysis. Before describing the accelerometer
application and usage in this particular project we consider it sufficient to
mention several features of this type of sensor.
Conceptually, any accelerometer behaves as a damped mass on a spring.
When the accelerometer experiences an acceleration, the mass is displaced to
the point where the spring is able to accelerate the mass at the same rate as the
casing. The displacement is then measured to give the acceleration.
In commercial devices, piezoelectric, piezoresistive and capacitive components
are commonly used to convert the mechanical motion into an electrical
signal1. Piezoelectric accelerometers rely on piezoceramics (e.g. lead zirconate
1Accelerometer, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerometer
31
Figure 3.1: Accelerometer axes
titanate) or single crystals (e.g. quartz, tourmaline). These crystal structures become
stressed by accelerative forces, which causes a voltage to be generated.
Piezoresistive accelerometers are unmatched in terms of their upper frequency
range, low packaged weight and high temperature range and preferred in high
shock applications. Capacitive accelerometers typically use two silicon micromachined
sensing elements. Having these two micro structures next to each
other, creates a certain capacitance between them. If an accelerative force moves
one of the structures, then the capacitance will change. Additionally, converting
some circuitry from capacitance to voltage we will be able to get a full
accelerometer 2. Performance of these type of sensors is superior in the low frequency
range and they can be operated in servo mode to achieve high stability
and linearity. Modern accelerometers are often based on small electromechanical
devices (micro electro-mechanical systems or MEMS) and normally inbuilt
in the latest generation of the smart phones (including the one involved in the
project). In our case it can be reached by programming through the android
operating system with the help of ”SensorManager“ class and special Sensor
Activity. The simple pseudo code example is provided below:
S e n s o rAc t i v i t y {
g e t S e n s o r S e r v i c e ( ) ;
g e tDe f aul t S ensor ( SensorType ) ;
onResume ( ) {
r e g i s t e r S e n s o r L i s t e n e r ( t h i s , Ac c e l e rome t e r ) ;
}
onPause ( ) {
u n r e g i s t e r S e n s o r L i s t e n e r ( t h i s , Ac c e l e rome t e r ) ;
2A beginner’s guide to accelerometers, http://www.dimensionengineering.com/accelerometers.htm
3.1. SENSORS 33
}
onSensorChanged ( SensorEvent ) {
Do something i f s ensor i s moved ;
}
}
Once the sensor is activated there are several methods provided by the previously
mentioned class which can be used in order to measure activity. It is
represented by three variables x,y,z which output device acceleration along the
raw, pitch and yaw direction[33] (see Figure 3.1). First of all, we need to make
sure at least one sensor is available for the measuring process. A special method
”isSupported“ is used for this purpose:
i sSuppor t ed ( ) {
i f ( notSuppor ted ) {
g e t S y s t emS e r v i c e ( s e n s o r S e r v i c e ) ;
L i s t s ensor s = g e t S e n s o rLi s t ( ac c e l e rome t e rType ) ;
suppor ted = new Boolean ( s e n s o r s S i z e ) ;
} e l s e {
do nothing i f s ensor i s suppor ted ;
}
}
r e turn suppor ted ;
}
The next step is to invoke a special ”startListening“ process which registers
a listener and starts listening to the accelerometer callback for possible events
(shaking, changing position etc.). This method also includes a configuration
component where we can decide on a threshold for the changes in accelerometer
and interval between shakes. It can help to react only on significant changes
and simplify data collection in the next stages.
Now, any change/event, which arises while the accelerometer is in the ”listening
mode” will be registered and processed. It is reasonable to introduce a
threshold for eliminating insignificant changes in raw/pitch/yaw values of the
accelerometer. All the values below this threshold will not be considered. We
can furthermore use previously detected acceleration and display it on a screen
or store it in a file for further processing. Both options are implemented in our
case. Possible approaches for accelerometer data processing will be described
in Chapter 4.
3.1.2 Nonin Wrist 0x2
The following section is dedicated to the technical specifications of the sensordevice used in this project. Description is based on a ”Fingertip Oximeter
Technology Specifications” document [1] and provides additional information
concerning the current system features. The picture of the sensor is provided on
All the technical specification and parameters of the Pulse Oximeter are
combined into an appropriate table (see Figure ??). The most significant information
in terms of the system development are Oxygen Saturation and Pulse
Rate Accuracy.
The table is followed by bluetooth configurations including Operating Frequency
and Operating Range.
Technically, Nonin Wrist 0x2 oximeter is a slave device. To connect sensor
to a master device, the master device must first associate with the 3150 by inquiring
for the 3150. For the initial pairing of a new host device (master) to
the 3150, it is discoverable for a minimum of 2 minutes after power-on. During
the discovery period, the 3150 will broadcast a friendly name to the master.
The name starts with ”Nonin_Medical_Inc._”, followed by a 6-digit number,
referred to as the PIN. The PIN is etched on the back of the 3150 enclosure.
To complete the pairing process once the master (host) device finds the 3150,
the PIN must be provided to the master device. Once paired, the master must
establish the connection to the sensor.
This particular model provides measurements in several different data formats:
• Data format 13 – provides easy spot-check measurements with the storage
and forwarding of measurements.
• Data format 8 – provides real-time oximetry measurements every second.
• Data format 2 – provides real-time oximetry measurements with compressed
waveform (8 bit waveform) every 1/75 of a second.
• Data format 7 – provides real-time oximetry measurements with full resolution
waveform (16 bit waveform) every 1/75 of a second.
For data formats 1, 2, 7 and 8, the 3150 will not initiate the connection using
the attempt to reconnect (ATR) option. If the system has only one COM port
available, data format 2, 7, 8, or 13 should be used with the ATR disabled. The
master device must initiate the connection by occasionally polling for the 3150.
For an automatic wireless reconnection, a software should be designed to periodically
poll for the 3150. If polling for the 3150 is not possible, Bluetooth
connection should be started manually. Because the manual method typically
requires the user to initiate the Bluetooth connection, the seek/polling method
has its advantages.
The 3150 will be discoverable when not paired to an existing master. Any
previous master devices should be off. Once the device pairs and establishes the
Bluetooth connection with the 3150, sensor will automatically send continuous
data to device as defined in Data Format Definition section later. For further details
on establishing a Bluetooth wireless connection see Appendix A. A Bluetooth
connection indicator becomes available on the screen, after pushing and
holding a bluetooth button. Once the Bluetooth connection is established, the
3150 receives and transmits data using the SPP protocol. Additionally, there are
several settings and commands for data format and time information:
(1) Setthe Data Format and Activation,
(2) Set Multiple Parameters,
(3) Set the Date and Time in the 3150,
(4) Set Bluetooth Radio timeout (power saving feature),
(5) Get the Date and Time from the 3150,
(6) Get the Serial Number in the3150,
(7) Get revision number.
In each case user must send a preliminary byte command string in order to
select Data format, set or retrieve time. A data format is a key information for
receiving, displaying and processing the sensor measurements. Thus, it is important
to mention several details on it’s structure. A default Serial Date Format 2
(one of the listed above) was used in development. This data format provides
continuous data transmission of a 5 byte data packet sent 75 times per second.
The data packet includes real-time data of: 8-bit waveform value, beat-to-beat
SpO2 value, SpO2 and Pulse Rates values formatted for both recording and
display purposes, status of the measurement and battery. Each particular byte
represents a valid information.
Byte 1 – START BYTE:
Always set to a 01 value.
Byte 2 – STATUS BYTE:
This byte provides status information at a rate of 1/75 of second.
Range: 128 to 255
Byte 3 – PLETH BYTE:
This byte consists of an 8 bit plethsmographic waveform (pulse waveform).
The pulse oximeter infra-red signal is filtered and then compressed into an 8 bit
value. The compression provides good detail for low to large pulse signals. For
uncompressed waveform refer to Data Format 7.
Range: 00 to 255
Byte 4 – FLOAT BYTE:
This byte is used for SpO2, Pulse Rate, and information that can be processed
at a rate of 1/3 of second.
Range: 00 to 127
When the device is removed from the finger the last SpO2 and Pulse Rate
reading will be reported for 10 seconds before changing to the missing data
value. During this 10 second period the sensor alarm bit (SNSA) is set, indicating
that the finger has been removed. This feature is useful for spot-check
measurements. When SpO2 and HR cannot be computed, the system will send
a missing data indicator. For missing data, the HR equals 511 and the SpO2
equals 127.
Byte 5 – CHK:
This byte is used for the checksum of bytes 1 through 4.
A concrete information on the processing of the sensor measurements can be
found in Chapter 4 of the thesis.
3.2 Processing Device
The current section will go through the second part of system hardware used forthe developing purposes. Several main aspects concerning technical parameters
and programming Android API (Application Programming interface) will be
covered and formulated according to their involvement in the process.
3.2.1 Samsung smart-phones
All the information sent by sensors (excluding accelerometer, inbuilt in phone)
can be received by processing device through Bluetooth connection. Both Samsung
Galaxy S and Samsung Galaxy Tab used for the actual thesis work, have
a Bluetooth functionality. Thus, next step would be to get an access to this feature
through the programming language, which is in our case Java. No license
or special agreement is required to program previously mentioned devices, both
based on an Android operating system.
Before proceeding to the next step, it is important to mention some general
aspects about Bluetooth option. According to the both smart-phones manuals,
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communications technology capable of exchanging
information over a distance of about 10 m without requiring a physical
connection [36]. Furthermore, we do not need to line up the devices to beam
information with Bluetooth. If devices are within the range of one another, any
information exchange between them is possible even if they are located in different
rooms. However, we should always ensure that sharing and receiving data
is performed with devices that are trusted and properly secured. If there are obstacles
between the devices, the operating distance may be reduced. Moreover,
some devices, especially those that are not tested or approved by Bluetooth SIG
3, may be incompatible with the involved device.
Other than Bluetooth option, there are more technical parameters possessed
by Samsung Galaxy S, making it sufficient enough to be involved in monitoring
system and subsequent data analysis. The parameters within our scope are
memory (capacity) and operating frequency. The Samsung Galaxy S has the
S5PC110 processor. This processor combines a 45 nm 1 GHz ARM Cortex-
A8 based CPU core with a PowerVR SGX 540 GPU made by Imagination
Technologies which supports OpenGL ES 1.1/2.0 and is capable of up to 20
3Special Interest Group, http://www.bluetooth.com/Pages/About-Us.aspx
million triangles per second. The CPU core, code-named ”Hummingbird”, was
co-developed by Samsung and Intrinsity.
In terms of memory, the Samsung Galaxy S has 512 MB of dedicated LPDDR2
RAM (Mobile DDR) and 16-32 MB of OneDRAM. Some variants also come
with either 8GB or 16GB of OneNAND memory combined in a package-onpackage
stack with the processor. An external microSD card slot supports up
to 32GB of additional storage memory 4. Additionally, the smart-phones used
for programming runs on Android 2.1 (a.k.a. ”Eclair”) operating system.
3.2.2 Application development
It was decided to use Eclipse programming environment for development as oneof the most sufficient and user friendly. All the communications between processing
device and sensors are implemented through the application interface.
A special application was designed and successfully ran for this particular purpose.
The first step and a one of the main goals of this program was to establish
a reliable connection. Once connection is initialized and running, it is important
to maintain a signal in order to provide consistent interaction. In other
words, we want to continuously store all the data received from the sensor in
the phone memory and any kind of interruption would negatively affect the
quality of the future analysis. A special android project was created, based on
the Eclipse software in order to use all the available classes of android development
environment. A project consists of two main ”activities” and one special
”service” which is responsible for a consistent data transmission. We consider
it important to highlight main parts of these programming components in the
following description.
Firstly, we want to ensure the Bluetooth option is available and enabled
on the device before we start any kind of operations [27]. Two simple commands
perform a system check for both previously mentioned cases and can be
executed with the following pseudo code:
/ / check i f blue tooth i s suppor ted
i f ( BluetoothAdapter ( notSuppor ted ) ) {
pr intOut ( ’ ’ Blue tooth i s not a v a i l a b l e ’ ’ ) ;
f i n i s h ( ) ;
r e turn ;
}
and
/ / check i f blue tooth i s enabled
i f ( BluetoothAdapter ( notEnabled ) ) {
BluetoothAdapter = Act ionReques tEnable ;
}
The last command sends a request to enable bluetooth on the operating device
in case this option is currently disabled. Once bluetooth function is switched on,
4Samsung Galaxy, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Galaxy_S
we can proceed to the next step. An advanced user interface was not among the
highest priorities of this project, however, several options are available within
the main application screen depicted below.
It is important to store some basic patients personal information, which will
be further used in data processing part. So, as it is shown on Figure 3.5, every
user can type in and save his/her age and weight in the corresponding field.
The number will be later written to a special file and ready to be extracted for
processing.
Next option allows user to get an access to accelerometer sensor through
the android API. This part was described more specifically in Section 3.1.1 of
this thesis. A data storing procedure is performed again. This time a special
file, representing accelerometer along three axis is created and updated continuously.
Current numbers are displayed on a screen and match the values stored
to the device memory. You can read more about data format in Section 3.2.3
of the current chapter.
After accelerometer is set up and running, we can proceed to the main part,
where connection between a sensor and android phone needs to be established.
A ”START APP” button will initiate a second main activity, which provides
user with a list of paired devices and opportunity to search for new ones (see
Figure 3.6).
In order to create a connection between application and a remote device
(sensor in our case), we must implement either server-side or client-side mechanisms,
because one device must open a server socket and the other one must
initiate the connection (using the server device’s MAC address to initiate a connection).
The server and client are considered connected to each other when
they each have a connected BluetoothSocket on the same RFCOMM channel.
At this point, each device can obtain input and output streams and data trans40
fer can begin. We are interested in client-side option.
So, in order to initiate a connection with a sensor (a device holding an
open server socket), we should first obtain a BluetoothDevice object that represents
the remote device. After that we use the BluetoothDevice to acquire a
BluetoothSocket and initiate the connection. This part of the mechanism is implemented
in a ”BluetoothService” section of the program.
After device is chosen and bluetooth connection service is running, application
will automatically return to a main screen and we can now observe
measurements below the ”Oximeter sensor” section on a display. A step by
step tutorial on starting sensor readings is provided in a special manual (see
Appendix A) written for the Backagården personnel.
3.2.3 Data collection
Once the system is set up properly and the main application has been startedon the testing device, it is possible to start data collection for the subsequent
analysis. Two possible categories of the data that can be processed are represented
by two different scenarios. Firstly, we perform testing with the healthy
person, who is unlikely to have any kind of abnormalities and moreover any
kind of chronic diseases. A second data set is expected to come from preliminary
selected patients, who agreed to participate in the experimental part of
the current research. The experimental part is described in details further below
forming Chapter 5 of the thesis. The process implies receiving, storing and
analyzing the data extracted from the measuring devices. All the information is
sent via Bluetooth channel establishing “mobile phone - sensor” communication.
processing device. Each measurement is retrieved from a different source and
represented by four separate files:
• sensors.txt (pulse rate and oxymetry)
• activity.txt (raw, pitch, yaw from accelerometer)
• age.txt (user input)
• weight.txt (user input)
The first two files have a particular format and consist of three separate column
vectors, including a special time vector.
20110519T175925 82 96
20110519T175927 82 97
20110519T175929 82 96
20110519T175931 82 96
This information is intended to simplify and at the same moment significantly
improve further analysis of the data. Having access to the time makes it easier
to register every particular change and follow the input flow as it is shown on
The entire concept of Chapter 3 was based on several goals announced in
the introduction part of the thesis. Firstly, it was required to establish a reliable
connection between sensor and processing device, which is impossible without
considering key aspects of sensor technical specification such as data format
and operating modes. Secondly, we provide general information on data collection
procedure, which is summarized in Table 3.1 above. Moreover, Table 5.3
T
from Section 5.2 contains detailed information about data transfer, including
data loss in percentage. These measurements are sent and retrieved in a particular
format (see a cutout of measurements above), developed for this particular
application. It was designed to cover all the details and provide user with an
easy interface for a sensor - device communication. The very same application
carries out a data collection procedure.
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[ PROJECT DESCRIPTION ] GPS BASED VEHICLE BILLING SYSTEM
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3.1 Block Diagram
Figure 3.1: Block diagram showing vehicle and server part
The
system is divided into two parts mainly vehicle and server. The vehicle
part lies in the vehicle whereas the server part is kept at any
authorized controlling department. These two parts communicate using GSM
module which is used in both the parts for transmitting and receiving
information.
The vehicle part has a GPS component which continuously checks the satellite connection and keeps receiving the latitude and longitude of the specific point. This information gathered by the GPS receiver is sent to the microcontroller through serial data transfer. When any customer hires the vehicle, the driver pushes the start button and the microcontroller starts to receive the serial data sent from GPS receiver. This data is manipulated to isolate the value of latitude and longitude. The isolated value is stored in the SD card in the form on CSV file. At the same time two consecutive values of latitude and longitude is used to calculate the distance between those two points. The calculated distance is again processed by the microcontroller in order to get the value of taxi fare according to the rate sent through the server computer.
Now, when the destination is reached, the driver pushes the stop button which then displays the taxi fare calculated on the LCD. In addition with this, the microcontroller also displays the location of the vehicle at that point comparing the received latitude longitude value with the one already specified in the SD card. The microcontroller also receives the data from the server part through the GSM module.
The additional component connected with the microcontroller is the accelerometer. This device is used to calculate the tilt of the vehicle which will help to detect the accident of the vehicle when occurred. The occurrence of the accident automates the microcontroller to send the signal to the server from where required measures can be taken.
Server consists of a microcontroller and GSM. The GSM receives the information sent from the vehicle which is in case of any accident. Similarly, the module sends data to the vehicle when any rate of the vehicle needs to be changed.
3.2 Circuit Diagram
Figure 3.2: Overall circuit D
3.3 Methodology
Among different methods to calculate the distance, we are using the latitude and longitude coordinates which is provided by our GPS receiver. The distance between two latitude and longitude points is calculated using HAVERSINE FORMULA as given below:
a=sin²(Δφ/2)+cos(φ1).cos(φ2).sin²(Δλ/2)
c=2.atan2(√a,√(1−a))
d = R.c
Where φ is latitude, λ is longitude, R is earth’s radius (mean radius = 6,371km)
The programming language we use is C-programming. There is a special library called “math” which is included in our code through header file “math.h”. This library allows us to use functions like sine, cosine, tan, square etc.
The value of Δφ and Δλ is difference of two consecutive latitude and longitude respectively.
This formula gives the shortest distance between two points but the actual scenario of the roads is never a straight distance. To overcome this, we took the latitude and longitude for every 5 second and then calculate small displacements for each 5 seconds. These values were added finally to give total distance.
To consider the traffic jams, we first check the distance and if it is zero, we check if the engine has stopped. In case, it hasn’t stopped, we calculate the time and add specified amount to the final bill.
Similarly, for accident detection we compare the y coordinate of the vehicle with some threshold value. The accelerometer we use gives the coordinates in the form of voltage level which is compared with the threshold value. The value of 250 to 500 is termed as safe where as any variation from this is termed as accident. As we have measured, this value of voltage gives approximate of 45 degree tilt which can be considered as accident.
3.4 Algorithm
Initialize LCD, GSM, GPS, SD card.
Check start button click
If yes: goto step 3
If no: goto step 2
Extract position from GPS
Store the location in SD card
Calculate the distance
Check stop button click
If yes: goto step 6
If no: goto step 5
Calculate fare
Display fare on LCD
Stop
For accident detection:
Start
Get tilt value from accelerometer
Compare with the threshold value
250<value<500: (no accident) go to step 2
Else (accident occurred) go to step 4
Send message to the specified person
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RF BASED PROJECTS
RF BASED PROJECTS :REPORT ARE SHORTLY COMING
- DECRYPTION USING RF COMMUNICATION
- SMS TRANSMITTING USING RF MODULE:> REport
- RF Control Of Induction Stepper Motors and other industrial Loads
- Industrial Automation System Using RF
- CHANNEL RF BASED REMOTE CONTROL
- Remote Areas Data Acquisation Using RF Module Abstract.
- Remote Areas Data Acquisation Using RF Module Abstract.
- WIRELESS CHATTING USING RF Abstract
- Modern house automation (AC/DC) using RF communication Abstract
- Wireless Vehicle trace using IF and IR project Abstract
- DETECTING THE CONDITIONS OF REMOTE AREAS USING RF MODULE
- TRACKING POLICE MAN USING RF PROXIMITY CARD
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GSM,GPRS BASED PROJECTS
GSM,GPRS BASEDPROJECTS ,,,,,others report are comming soon
GSM based notice board system:> REPORT HEREHome security system using GSM:> REPORT HERE
Child monitoring using GSM + GPS
Offline Cargo Monitoring System using GPS
Article tracking system using GPS and GSM
SOFTWARE FOR SHORTCUTFILE REMOVEABALE DOWNLOAD
GSM based data monitoring system
Remote Temperature Monitoring through GSM.
Intelligent TAXI metering Based on GPS
Car security System using GSM/ GSM+GPS.
GSM based Traffic density monitoring and control
GSM based Energy Meter.
GSM based bus tracking.
SMS reader for blind.
GSM based voting machine.
Mark Announcement System using GSM.
Remote Sales Terminal.
Remote Irrigation control and monitoring using GSM
Weather monitoring using GSM for hazardous areas.
Water reservoir monitoring and PUMP station control using GSM
Wild life monitoring and location indicators for visitors using GPS+GSM
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2. Background :MHSS)
2. Background - MHSS
2.1. GSM/GPRS Based Security System
Based on the IEEE802.11 standard, wireless home network is known as WiFi, which provides a medium for transferring media files [1]. However, it is high cost and high
International Journal of Smart Homepower consumption. Y. Zhao [2] has developed a low cost GSM/GPRS based wireless home security system which includes wireless security sensor nodes and a GSM/GPRS gateway [2-3]. It has the following features:
(a) low cost,
(b) low power consumption,
(c) simple installation,
(d) fast response and
(e) simple user interface.
In general, GSM modem acts as the interface between the users and the sensors nodes. There are 3 types of sensor nodes applied in the system which include the door security nodes, infrared sensor nodes, and fire alarm nodes. This architecture includes components such as filters, amplifiers, analog to digital converters and communication interfaces. The system used a wireless transceiver module to transfer data between gateway and sensor nodes. Every sensor node comprises a microprocessor and a wireless transceiver module. The function of the microprocessor is to receive and analyze the signal from the sensors’ node as well as the current status of the nodes. This system also consists of a sleep timer and switch mode pump circuit, which reduces of the power consumption.
C.K. Ng [4] has developed a wireless security system where an alarm system is programmed in a graphical user interface (GUI). The system is used to monitor the RFID reader, RFID tag and the GSM terminal. The information obtained from the tag is sent to the server in a RF link that is exhibited in a GUI. If the laptop is stolen from the covered region, the alarm system will start to draw attention. Meanwhile, the laptop owner will be notified by an alert message. In addition, the alarm system will not be stopped until the laptop is put back in the covered region, or the program is stopped/terminated.RFID have been available for many years for reading bar codes RFID tag located several meters away [5-8]. It is increasingly being used in other applications ranging from inventory management to anti-counterfeiting protection. In a wireless security system (WSS) [8], a RFID tag is attached to the laptop and RFID reader is connected to server. If the laptop is stolen from the reader, the alarm system will be triggered to draw attention with loud noise. The laptop owner will be notified with short messaging service (SMS) from the server via GSM module system in a few seconds. Alternatively, it can be improved with Bluetooth technology which is embedded in most of mobile laptop today [9]. The GSM terminal is used as the SMS interface to send messages
C.K. Ng [4] has developed a wireless security system where an alarm system is programmed in a graphical user interface (GUI). The system is used to monitor the RFID reader, RFID tag and the GSM terminal. The information obtained from the tag is sent to the server in a RF link that is exhibited in a GUI. If the laptop is stolen from the covered region, the alarm system will start to draw attention. Meanwhile, the laptop owner will be notified by an alert message. In addition, the alarm system will not be stopped until the laptop is put back in the covered region, or the program is stopped/terminated.RFID have been available for many years for reading bar codes RFID tag located several meters away [5-8]. It is increasingly being used in other applications ranging from inventory management to anti-counterfeiting protection. In a wireless security system (WSS) [8], a RFID tag is attached to the laptop and RFID reader is connected to server. If the laptop is stolen from the reader, the alarm system will be triggered to draw attention with loud noise. The laptop owner will be notified with short messaging service (SMS) from the server via GSM module system in a few seconds. Alternatively, it can be improved with Bluetooth technology which is embedded in most of mobile laptop today [9]. The GSM terminal is used as the SMS interface to send messages
[10]. Generally the notebook acts as the base station to run the program. Usually GSM terminal comes with a RS232 connector to external terminal equipment, and the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cardholder and the external connector [4].Nakrop Jinaporn [11] has developed a security system against asset theft by using radio frequency identification technology.
The system consists of five main parts:
(a) RFID reader and tag,
(b) GUI,
(c) database system,
(d) CCTV and
(e) wireless transmitter and receiver.
The RFID reader is installed at the entrance of the campus and the tags are attached on/in student ID cards and their properties. The program of the developed system has the capabilities of investigating the identification process, database management and controlling function of the hardware.GUI is used in a vehicle security system where the information is controlled via the GUI [11-12]. The system is activated when the tag is read while the motorcycle is being located within the effective range. The system will automatically record this incident and exhibit the information on the monitor. Any theft occurrence will turn the monitor on automatically with the alarm signal which alerts other systems. When the burglar occurs, the CCTV will also be started for recording is immediately. The motorcycle engine is shut off automatically when the asset theft occurs however this requires a further investigation.
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