मिति 2014,08,09
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1.
Electric
Circuits and Semiconductor devices
Electric Circuits: Circuit elements; series and parallel
circuits; Kirchoff’s laws; Single phase and 3 phase circuits; Power and energy
in AC circuits; Transfer functions; Frequency response of networks; Fourier
series Transient and Steady state response
Semiconductor Materials: Intrinsic & extrinsic
semiconductor; impurities, doping, p & n type semiconductor; majority and
minority charge carriers, theory of PN junction
Semiconductor Devices: Diodes
(PN junction
diode, zener diode, LED, photo diode, tunnel diode, varactor diode, Schottky
diode); Bipolar Transistor (Construction,
Operations, Transistor configurations – CE, CB and CC Configurations; small
signal model around a dc operating point, Transistor modeling; Different biasing
and small signal analysis, BJT Frequency response); Field Effect Transistor (Construction, Characteristics, Types of
FET, Basic FET circuits), Switching
Circuits (TTL Circuits; MOSFET switch; NMOS Circuits; CMOS Circuits)
2.
Logic
Circuits and Digital Electronics
Number System: Decimal, binary, octal, hexadecimal and BCD
numbering systems, and their conversions
Logic Gates: NOT, OR, AND, NOR, NAND, X-OR, X-NOR gates, laws
and theorems of Boolean algebra, K-map
Combinational Logics: Half Adder, Full Adder,
N-bit adder, Encoder, Decoder, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer, ROM, PLA
Sequential Logics: Flip Flops, Shift Registers,
Counter, Astable, Monostable and Bistable Multivibrator and Clock
Digital Electronics: Bipolar Transistor
Switching Characteristics; MOS Transistor Switching Characteristics; Bipolar
Transistor Logic Circuits; NMOS Family of Logic Circuits; CMOS Family of Logic
Circuits; Memory; Logic Gates
3.
Electronics
Circuits
Operational Amplifier: OpAmps characteristics,
Basic OpAmp circuits
Amplifiers: Class A, Class B, Class AB,
Class C and Class D Amplifiers and their circuits; Classifications of
Amplifiers on the basis of coupling – RF, Transformer, Direct Coupling
Amplifier; Classifications of Amplifiers on the basis of Frequency – Audio, RF
and Tuned Amplifiers
Oscillators: Feedback concepts, Oscillation theory; Relaxation
oscillator; Colpitts, Hartley, Wien bridge, LC, Crystal Oscillators; Voltage
Controlled Oscillator
Voltage Regulators and Power Supplies: Unregulated and regulated
power supplies, voltage regulation, voltage reference, heat and power design,
regulator ICs
4.
Communication
system
Analog Communication: Modulation, theory and
generation of AM, DSB-SC, SSB, FM and PM; comparison between AM, FM and PM; AM,
FM and PM transmitters/receivers; superheterodyne receiver; IF & RF
amplifiers, automatic gain control (AGC), balanced slope detector, phase
discriminator, ratio detector, FM stereo principle, equalizers, noise in analog
communication systems
Digital Communication: Advantages of digital
communication; principle of PAM, PWM, PPM and PCM; OOK, PSK, DPSK, Four Phase
PSK, FSK and QAM techniques; noise in digital communication systems
Optical Fibre Communication: Advantages of optical
transmission, optical spectrum, types of optical fibre cable, attenuation in
optical fibre cable, joining of fibres-mechanical coupling and fusion splicing,
laser diodes, photodiodes, attenuation measurements, operation and line
supervision, optical fibre network in NEA
Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC): Introduction and general
theory, transmission channels, frequency range, modulation technique, carrier
frequency generation, transmitting amplifier, pilot channel, demodulation, HF
filter tuning, line equalization, PLCC system in NEA
Microwave Communication: Microwave transmission and
reception, microwave triodes, clystrons, magnetrons
5.
Electromagnetic
Fields, Transmission Lines and Antennas
Electromagnetic Fields: Electrostatic Fields in
Free Space; Gauss’s Law in Integral Form and Application (Conductors,
insulators and semiconductors); Wave Equations (Polarization, wave impedance,
skin effect, Reflection and refraction at the interface between two media,
Standing wave ratio, Impedance matching, Quarter wave transformer)
Transmission Lines: Basic principles, fundamentals of
transmission lines, characteristics impendence, Types of Transmission Lines
(Coaxial cable, Open wire, Wave guide), Equivalent diagram of T.L., Matched and
Mismatched T.L., losses in transmission lines, standing waves, Power and signal
transmission capability of lines
Waveguides and Resonators: Theory and operation of
waveguide, parallel plane, rectangular, circular, ridged and flexible
waveguides; waveguide coupling, matching and attenuation; theory and operation
of resonator
Antennas: Types, antenna gain, antenna resistance,
bandwidth, beamwidth, polarization, directivity, effect of antenna height,
dipole, dipole arrays, folded dipole; yagi, parabolic, horn, helical, discone
and loop antannas, Propagation in the radio frequency spectrum
6.
Microprocessor
and Microcomputer
Microprocessor: Registers, memory, and input/output,
fundamental bus signals
Assembly Language Programming: Assembler syntax, macro
assemblers, cross assembler
Internal Architecture of Basic Microprocessor: Internal resources of
microprocessor – registers, data paths, control units and arithmetic and logic
units, relation between RTL and assembly language
Interrupt Operations: Interrupt behavior,
interrupt service routine requirements, interrupt priority, vectored, chained
and polled interrupt structures, peripheral devices using interrupts
Microcomputer: Building blocks of a microcomputer, RISC and
CISC computers, Operating systems, Software system concepts, Data
communications concepts
7.
Instrumentation
and Control
Applied Electronics: Voltage Summing, Voltage
buffer; Switched Mode Power Supply; Inverters; Choppers; Diode, Thyristors,
Triac, Controlled Rectifier Circuits; Darlington Pair, Wave Shaping Circuits;
Active filters; Phase Lock Loops
Instrumentation: Instrumentation Systems;
Theory of Measurements (Static performance – accuracy, precision, sensitivity,
resolution and linearity; Dynamic Performance – response time, frequency
response, bandwidth and errors in the measurements)
Measurement Transducers: Temperature, light level,
strain and displacement, acceleration, pressure, force, velocity, magnetic
field measurement
Digital to Analog Conversions: A/D and D/A conversions
Output Devices: Indicators, meters, strip chart recorder,
magnetic tape recorders
Component Modeling and
Linearization:
Differential equations and transfer functions, state space formulation, fluid,
fluidic and thermal system components, linearized approximation of non-linear
characteristics
System Transfer Functions
and Responses:
Combinations of components to physical systems, system reductions, laplace transform, steady state equilibrium system,
Stability: characteristic equation,
complex plane interpretation of stability, root locations and stability, Root
Locus Method; Frequency Response Method; Performance Specifications for Control
System
8.
Engineering
Economics and Financial Analysis
Essential Business and
Accounting Terminology: Cost Classification and Analysis; Interest and Time Value of Money;
Demand Analysis and Sales Forecasting Tariff Structure; Methods of
Economic/Financial Analysis; Investment Decision; Interest and Time value of
Money
Basic Methodology of Engineering Economics Studies: Cost Benefit Analysis, Risk
Analysis, Investment Decision, Internal Rate of Return, Net Present Worth,
Payback Period
9.
Electronic
Construction and Safety Engineering
Prototyping methods: Breadboards, PC prototyping
boards
Printed Circuits: PC board fabrication, PC
board designs, CAD/CAM
Safety and Precautions: Safety Rules and Regulations; Storage and handling
of Explosives, Compressed Gases and Flammable Substances; Safety and
Precautions in case of Hazards
Earthing and Shielding Techniques: Fire Hazards, Fire Fighting
Techniques and Equipment
Noise Hazards: Sources of Noise, Control of Noise and its
Effect on Health, First Aid Requirements for after the event treatment
10.
Institutional
Know-How
(a) General knowledge of Nepal
Electricity Authority, its organizational structure and function of various
business groups.
(b) General knowledge of various
power plants of Nepal,
their types, salient features and their geographical locations.
(c) General knowledge on
Nepalese Power Transmission System, Voltage levels and Lengths, export-import
links for Power exchange with India.
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NPN Transistor Connection
