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3.1 Block Diagram
Figure 3.1: Block diagram showing vehicle and server part
The
system is divided into two parts mainly vehicle and server. The vehicle
part lies in the vehicle whereas the server part is kept at any
authorized controlling department. These two parts communicate using GSM
module which is used in both the parts for transmitting and receiving
information.
The vehicle part has a GPS component which continuously checks the satellite connection and keeps receiving the latitude and longitude of the specific point. This information gathered by the GPS receiver is sent to the microcontroller through serial data transfer. When any customer hires the vehicle, the driver pushes the start button and the microcontroller starts to receive the serial data sent from GPS receiver. This data is manipulated to isolate the value of latitude and longitude. The isolated value is stored in the SD card in the form on CSV file. At the same time two consecutive values of latitude and longitude is used to calculate the distance between those two points. The calculated distance is again processed by the microcontroller in order to get the value of taxi fare according to the rate sent through the server computer.
Now, when the destination is reached, the driver pushes the stop button which then displays the taxi fare calculated on the LCD. In addition with this, the microcontroller also displays the location of the vehicle at that point comparing the received latitude longitude value with the one already specified in the SD card. The microcontroller also receives the data from the server part through the GSM module.
The additional component connected with the microcontroller is the accelerometer. This device is used to calculate the tilt of the vehicle which will help to detect the accident of the vehicle when occurred. The occurrence of the accident automates the microcontroller to send the signal to the server from where required measures can be taken.
Server consists of a microcontroller and GSM. The GSM receives the information sent from the vehicle which is in case of any accident. Similarly, the module sends data to the vehicle when any rate of the vehicle needs to be changed.
3.2 Circuit Diagram
Figure 3.2: Overall circuit D
3.3 Methodology
Among different methods to calculate the distance, we are using the latitude and longitude coordinates which is provided by our GPS receiver. The distance between two latitude and longitude points is calculated using HAVERSINE FORMULA as given below:
a=sin²(Δφ/2)+cos(φ1).cos(φ2).sin²(Δλ/2)
c=2.atan2(√a,√(1−a))
d = R.c
Where φ is latitude, λ is longitude, R is earth’s radius (mean radius = 6,371km)
The programming language we use is C-programming. There is a special library called “math” which is included in our code through header file “math.h”. This library allows us to use functions like sine, cosine, tan, square etc.
The value of Δφ and Δλ is difference of two consecutive latitude and longitude respectively.
This formula gives the shortest distance between two points but the actual scenario of the roads is never a straight distance. To overcome this, we took the latitude and longitude for every 5 second and then calculate small displacements for each 5 seconds. These values were added finally to give total distance.
To consider the traffic jams, we first check the distance and if it is zero, we check if the engine has stopped. In case, it hasn’t stopped, we calculate the time and add specified amount to the final bill.
Similarly, for accident detection we compare the y coordinate of the vehicle with some threshold value. The accelerometer we use gives the coordinates in the form of voltage level which is compared with the threshold value. The value of 250 to 500 is termed as safe where as any variation from this is termed as accident. As we have measured, this value of voltage gives approximate of 45 degree tilt which can be considered as accident.
3.4 Algorithm
Initialize LCD, GSM, GPS, SD card.
Check start button click
If yes: goto step 3
If no: goto step 2
Extract position from GPS
Store the location in SD card
Calculate the distance
Check stop button click
If yes: goto step 6
If no: goto step 5
Calculate fare
Display fare on LCD
Stop
For accident detection:
Start
Get tilt value from accelerometer
Compare with the threshold value
250<value<500: (no accident) go to step 2
Else (accident occurred) go to step 4
Send message to the specified person
Some Importantant links below with reports.just view the link below. if u want any project report just search any project on our search box
Arduino interesting projects:
Arduino 30 simple and good projects
Atmega projects lists
Android Electronics projects lists
Rf based Projects with report
engineering study notes
GSM GPS based projects with report
Bluetooth based projects with reports
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