[ REPORT ] monitoring system with GPS

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Abstract
The project primary objective is to develop a system on tracking the real time
position of the outdoor mobility nodes. By using the GPS and mobile data network, all the
node locations could be tracked and managed in the backed server.
The nature of the project is about developing a low cost automatic real time location
tracking and management system to assist people to track the location of outdoor sport
participants, dementia patients, pets and peoples’ outdoor wealth, such as cars and
construction machines. And also, it provides an abnormal alert on outdoor sports
participants
.Through this project, various wireless technologies like GPS and cellar phone
network are explored. The development of JAVA Internet client server applications on
mobile phone and personal computer is analyzed.

The project consists of two fields. The first one is the backend server on personal
computer. It bases on Java Standard Edition and responses the clients’ position data from
internet. The other one is the mobile phone of the client. It bases on Java Micro Edition
and decodes / displays the GPS incoming data in order to provide internet connection to
the backed server.


1. Introduction
1.1 Overview
Every week, police announces some missing people information in their TV program
<<Police Report>>. It is unfortunate that these missing people are usually very hard to
be found. So it is worth to develop a technology that can locate missing objects after the
events happened. But what types of objects are suited for?
Object 1: Outdoor sports participants
Outdoor sports activities are becoming more and more popular for urbanite in these
years. However, the number of serious accidents of Outdoor sport has increased too.
Some victims, such as the policeman, Mr. Ting Lee Wah has disappeared in the Sai Kung
country park since 2005. Besides, injuries are often reported. So, the faster the patients
can be located, the shorter time the rescue team can rush to the site, thus more lives can
be saved.

Object 2: Elderly with dementia problems
The aging problem in Hong Kong is getting more serious nowadays, so the number
of dementia sufferers is expected to increase in the future. Dementia sufferers often
forget their home addresses, even their names. In case they leave urban area, it would
be very hard to get them back.
Object 3: Pets
Nowadays, people like to have a pet. But sometimes, the pets may leave the owners
due to the owner’ careless mistake. The owners are hard to find their lost pets.
Object 4: Cars or outdoor machines Besides luxury and high-performance cars, the thefts target on those outdoor construction machines too, such as generator. So, if the owners leave their cars or
machines without enough protection, those wealth may be lost.

 Therefore, I developed a low cost tracking system to locate the location of the
above mentioned objects (or anything you wish) in a real time basis. Through the system,
the users can check the location of all tracked objects on either the server program or
Google Maps webpage (open to public). Besides the server operator, those tracked people
can check the rest tracked objects’ locations on their mobile phone.
In addition, if the tracked person has stayed at the same location over a preset time
period, the system will send a SMS to alert the emergency contact person, in order to

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[ PROJECT DESCRIPTION ] GPS BASED VEHICLE BILLING SYSTEM

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3.1 Block Diagram

Figure 3.1: Block diagram showing vehicle and server part

The system is divided into two parts mainly vehicle and server. The vehicle part lies in the vehicle whereas the server part is kept at any authorized controlling department. These two parts communicate using GSM module which is used in both the parts for transmitting and receiving information.

The vehicle part has a GPS component which continuously checks the satellite connection and keeps receiving the latitude and longitude of the specific point. This information gathered by the GPS receiver is sent to the   microcontroller through serial data transfer. When any customer hires the vehicle, the driver pushes the start button and the microcontroller starts to receive the serial data sent from GPS receiver. This data is manipulated to isolate the value of latitude and longitude. The isolated value is stored in the SD card in the form on CSV file. At the same time two consecutive values of latitude and longitude is used to calculate the distance between those two points. The calculated distance is again processed by the microcontroller in order to get the value of taxi fare according to the rate sent through the server computer.

Now, when the destination is reached, the driver pushes the stop button which then displays the taxi fare calculated on the LCD. In addition with this, the microcontroller also displays the location of the vehicle at that point comparing the received latitude longitude value with the one already specified in the SD card. The microcontroller also receives the data from the server part through the GSM module.

The additional component connected with the microcontroller is the accelerometer. This device is used to calculate the tilt of the vehicle which will help to detect the accident of the vehicle when occurred. The occurrence of the accident automates the microcontroller to send the signal to the server from where required measures can be taken.

Server consists of a microcontroller and GSM. The GSM receives the information sent from the vehicle which is in case of any accident. Similarly, the module sends data to the vehicle when any rate of the vehicle needs to be changed.

3.2 Circuit Diagram

­­­­Figure 3.2: Overall circuit D
3.3 Methodology

Among different methods to calculate the distance, we are using the latitude and longitude coordinates which is provided by our GPS receiver. The distance between two latitude and longitude points is calculated using HAVERSINE FORMULA as given below:

 

a=sin²(Δφ/2)+cos(φ1).cos(φ2).sin²(Δλ/2)

c=2.atan2(√a,√(1−a))

d = R.c

 Where φ is latitude, λ is longitude, R is earth’s radius (mean radius = 6,371km)

           The programming language we use is C-programming. There is a special library called “math” which is included in our code through header file “math.h”. This library allows us to use functions like sine, cosine, tan, square etc.

           The value of Δφ and Δλ is difference of two consecutive latitude and longitude respectively.

           This formula gives the shortest distance between two points but the actual scenario of the roads is never a straight distance. To overcome this, we took the latitude and longitude for every 5 second and then calculate small displacements for each 5 seconds. These values were added finally to give total distance.

           To consider the traffic jams, we first check the distance and if it is zero, we check if the engine has stopped. In case, it hasn’t stopped, we calculate the time and add specified amount to the final bill.

           Similarly, for accident detection we compare the y coordinate of the vehicle with some threshold value. The accelerometer we use gives the coordinates in the form of voltage level which is compared with the threshold value. The value of 250 to 500 is termed as safe where as any variation from this is termed as accident. As we have measured, this value of voltage gives approximate of 45 degree tilt which can be considered as accident.



3.4 Algorithm


    Initialize LCD, GSM, GPS, SD card.
    Check start  button click

If yes: goto step 3

If no: goto step 2

    Extract position from GPS
    Store the location in SD card
    Calculate the distance
    Check stop button click

  If yes: goto step 6

  If no: goto step 5

    Calculate fare
    Display fare on LCD
    Stop



For accident detection:

    Start
    Get tilt value from accelerometer

    Compare with the threshold value

250<value<500: (no accident) go to step 2

Else (accident occurred) go to step 4

     Send message to the  specified person
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