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7. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)
7.1 INTRODUCTION
Advances in the features, miniaturization, and cost of LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) controller chips have made LCDs usable not only in commercial products but also in hobbyist projects. By themselves, Liquid Crystal Displays can be difficult to drive because they require multiplexing, AC drive waveforms, and special voltages. LCD modules make this driving simpler by attaching hardware to the raw glass LCD to assist in some or all of these rudimentary driving tasks. LCD modules can be split into two groups: those that have built-in controller and driver chips, and those that have only driver chips. LCD displays that do not have controllers are typically used with powerful hardware, such as a laptop computer, where a video controller is available to generate the complex drive signals necessary to run the display.
Most color and large (greater than 320x240) monochrome displays are of this type. Other common sizes are 16x1, 20x1, 20x2, 20x4, 40x1, and 40x2 (characters x lines). Fortunately, all HD44780-based displays (of any size) use the same standard 14-wire interface.
Therefore, code and hardware made for one size/type display can be painlessly adapted to work for any HD44780 compatible. Information about these displays can be easily obtained on the web by including “HD44780” in our search keywords. Because of their widespread use, these displays can be purchased surp