LITERATURE REVIEW billing system

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

The problem stated above is to find the accurate distance measuring device with the help of which correct fare calculation can be done. Different methods have been used to calculate the distance like measuring the circumference of the wheel, using latitude and longitude of the area and many more.

The mostly used device in vehicles to measure distance is Tachometer. A tachometer (revolution-counter, Tach, rev-counter, RPM gauge) is an instrument measuring the rotation speed of a shaft or disk, as in a motor or other machine. [2] The device usually displays the revolutions per minute. And knowing the circumference of the wheel we can easily calculate the distance travelled by the vehicle.

Same problem can be solved using GPS. The values of latitude and longitude obtained from the GPS can be used to calculate the distance travelled. It has a specific formula derived to calculate the distance which is called Haversine distance formula. [3]

GPS has not basically been used for measuring the distance as there are very few projects which use GPS for distance measurement. But it can be used as it helps both in distance measurement and tracking.

The distance measuring is not enough as vehicles do not run smoothly. No matter where they operate, however, all taxi meters measure the distance a cab covers, plus any time spent waiting. That way, the driver gets compensated for time, so they don't lose out on money just because they're stuck in traffic. It's also why a cab ride from point A to point B may cost you more when there's traffic than when there's not, even if the distance covered is the same. [4]

For accident detection, accelerometer is the most used device. Different parameters have been used to detect accident like tilt, acceleration, touch etc. For example in the recent air bag systems, a touch sensor is generally used to detect the crash. Touch sensor is simply a mechanical switch which is flipped when there is a mass shift that closes an electrical contact, telling the sensors that a crash has occurred. [5]

Our project is different from the basic distance measuring projects as we use GSM to connect with the server which is the authorized party of setting taxi fares. When the fare changes, the server sends the new fare to the vehicle which then continues with the new fare. So, there is a facility of immediate auto update of the fares as specified. The next thing that is new is to keep record of the vehicle in SD card so that the owner can easily see how and where his vehicle is running these days.